4.2.1 Construction or Selection of items
latest item is the basic unit of observation in any test it taste item is internal to measure some aspect of human ability generally related to learning a test easy measuring device interested to describe numerically the amount of learning under income standardise radiations typically is set of items are into 10 to measure it domain of knowledge or skills are cognitive ability.
Create aur use an inventory of items in a test bank.
Develop test specifications or test blueprint.
identify the number of items needs needed for each learning outcome to cover in the course.
Evaluate the performance of items.
Plus good items in the test blank.
4.2.2 writing test items or questions
writing test items is a matter of dresses on a test item most across the attention of examine on the principle or construct upon which the item is best ideal students who Ansari test item incorrectly will do so because they are mastery of the principal ok install infocus was inadequate or incomplete any characteristic of a test item which district the examine from the major print of focus on item reduce the effect of that item any item answer correctly or incorrectly because of external factors in the item results in measuring feedback to both examine and examiner.
4.2.3 removing and refining the test items
what is the items are constructed there is a need to review and refined the items to avoid any defence or errors therefore it is desirable to review the items by another person or if you teacher as far as possible repairing and refining the test items tense into consideration the following points they are as follows:
Is the point of item clear
Is the item of appropriate difficulty
Is that term free from technical errors
Is the item free from radical ethic and gender bias
Gift item free from clothes
is the item form format appropriate for the learning outcome.
4.2.4 assembly thought test items
for most of the classroom purposes the items can be arranged by a systematic consideration of item used learning outcomes measure difficulty of the items.
Items should be placed in the following order:
true or false alternative response from matching items sentence completion very short answer multiple choice items short answer easy answer.
4.2.5 writing test directions
the directions of the test includes as follows:
time allotted for answering basis for answering procedure for recording the answers what to do about dressing.
4.2.6 guidelines for administration
designing test is an important part of assigning students understanding of course content and their level of competency in applying for their learning considered the reasoning for testing the reasons for giving a test will help you determine features such as a length format level of detail required in answer and the time frame for returning results to the students. to maintain consistency between goals for the course methods of teaching and the test used to measure achievement of goals if for example class time emphasizes review and recall of information then so can the test if class time emphasizes analyse analysis and synthesis then the test can also be design to demonstrate how many students have learnt these things. use testing methods data appropriate to learning goals for example a multiple choice test might be useful for demonstrating memory and recall for example but it may require an essay on open ended problem solving for students to demonstrate more independent analysis and synthesis. help students prepare we can help students prepare for the test by clarifying goals as well as reading material. use consistent language (instating golf in talking in class and in writing test questions) to describe expected outcomes. Design test items that allow students to show a range of learning that is students who have not fully master everything in the course should still be able to demonstrate how much they have lunch.
test items are open grouped into two main categories objective items and constructed response items objective items are those in who is the examine recognise a best answer from options presented in the item objective items include multiple choice items alternative response items and matching items constructed response items included restricted response items short answer atoms completion items and iji items.
4.2.6.1 multiple choice test items
The multiple choice item consists of two parts the stem which define definition the question of problem and the response alternatives students are asked to select the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Advantages in using multiple choice items multiple choice items can provide:
flexibility in measuring all levels of cognitive ability highly reliable test scores scoring effective efficiency and accuracy objective measurement of student assignment aur ability avoids sampling of content objective a reduced guessing factor when compared to true false items difference response alternative which can provide diagnostic feedback.
Limitations in using multiple choice items multiple choice items:
are difficult and time consuming to construct lead on in instructor to favour simple regular updates place a high degree of dependence on the students reading ability and after writing ability.
4.2.6.2 matching test items
in general matching items consists of a column of stimuli presented on the left side of the examples and column of responses placed on the right side of the page students are required to melt the response associated with given stimulus.
Advantages in using matching items:
required short prayers of reading and response time hallows 2, more content provider objective measurement of student achievement aur ability profile highly reliable test scores provides scoring effect efficiency and accuracy.
Limitations in using matching items:
half difficulty measuring learning objectives requiring more than simple recall of information are difficult to construct due to the problem of selecting a common set of stimuli and responses.
4.2.6.3 true false test items
true false items otherwise known as alternative response items consists of a declarative statement or a situation where the people is asked to Mark true or false right or wrong correct or incorrect yes or no agree or disagree etc only two possible choices are given to these items measure the ability of the people to identify the correct statement of facts definition of terms statement of principles and the like.
Advantages in using true false items
True false items can provide:
the widest sampling of content or objectives for unit of testing time scoring efficiency and accuracy versity will versatility in measuring all levels of cognitive ability highly reliable test scores and objective measurement of student assignment aur ability.
Limitations in using true false items:
True false items:
incorporate an extremely hydration factor for simple true false items is student Haji 50/50 chance of correctly answering the item without any knowledge of the items content can often lead and instructor to write statements due to the difficulty of writing statements which are clearly true or false do not discriminate between students of hearing ability as well as other items tiles can open include more 11th close then do other atom X can often lead an instructor to favour testing of travel knowledge.
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